James Marshall «Jimi» Hendrix (nacido como
Johnny Allen Hendrix; Seattle, Estados Unidos, 27 de noviembre de 1942 – Londres, Inglaterra, Reino Unido, 18 de septiembre de 1970) fue un guitarrista, cantante y compositor estadounidense. Es considerado y citado frecuentemente por varios artistas, por diversas revistas especializadas en música, por varios críticos y la prensa en general y por la admiración y el cariño de la gente como el más grande guitarrista de la historia del rock and roll, además de ser uno de los mayores innovadores y más influyentes artistas en una gran cantidad de géneros.
Hendrix fue introducido en el Rock and Roll Hall of Fame en 1992.
En el año 2003, la revista Rolling Stone lo eligió como el mejor guitarrista de todos los tiempos y en 2004 lo incluyó en su lista de los mejores artistas de toda la historia (n.º 6). En 2009, la revista estadounidense Time lo situó como el mejor guitarrista de guitarra eléctrica de la historia, por delante de B. B. King, Chuck Berry, Keith Richards y Eric Clapton, entre otros.
Igualmente, en 2003 la revista especializada británica Total Guitar, con el voto de más de 4000 lectores, eligió a Jimi Hendrix como el mejor guitarrista de la historia del rock. Además posee el mejor riff en la historia de la música por su canción «Voodoo Child» según una encuesta realizada en 2009 por la página especializada británica Music Radar, superando a otras bandas de renombre como Derek and The Dominos, Guns N' Roses, Led Zeppelin y Deep Purple, entre otras.
Nació en el King County Hospital de Seattle en el
estado de Washington, Estados Unidos, de madre de orígenes nativo americana y padre afroamericano, con el nombre de Johny Allen Hendrix. Le cambiaron el nombre por el de James Marshall Hendrix en memoria del hermano fallecido de su padre Leon Marshall Hendrix.
El pequeño Jimi pasó sus primeros años en un barrio muy humilde y tuvo una infancia marcada por el divorcio de sus padres avenido cuando éste tenía apenas 9 años; como consecuencia, fue otorgado en tutela a su abuela paterna Nora Rose Moore, en ese entonces la única persona en grado de garantizarle un mínimo de estabilidad.
Su primer instrumento fue una armónica a los 4 años. Obtuvo su primera guitarra acústica a los 14 años por cinco dólares a un conocido de su padre, reemplazando el ukelele de una sola cuerda que su padre había encontrado limpiando un garaje. Aprendió practicando constantemente, mirando cómo tocaban otros músicos más experimentados como
B.B. King; entre otros. En 1958, el año en que muere su madre, su padre le compró su primera guitarra eléctrica, una Supro Ozark blanca, aunque sin amplificador, con la que tocó en varias bandas locales. Ese mismo año su única calificación baja en la escuela fue una F en clase de música. Poco interesado en la escuela, que dejaría antes de graduarse, Jimi comenzó a dedicarse tempestivamente a la música: sus puntos de referencia, además del ya nombrado BB King y del pionero del blues rock, Eric Clapton, fueron guitarristas de la escena del blues de Chicago como Elmore James, Muddy Waters o Albert King, por no hablar de leyendas del más sobresaliente delta blues, como Robert Johnson, Leadbelly, y del rock and roll como Chuck Berry.
En los inicios de la
década de 1960, a causa de algunos problemas con la ley, se vio obligado a elegir entre un periodo de reclusión o el alistamiento militar; elegida la segunda opción, Hendrix es alistado el 31 de mayo de 1961 en la
101st Airborne Division y enviado a Fort Campbell, en Kentucky, después de un breve adiestramiento. Su aventura en los rangos militares duró muy poco; frustrado por la rigidez del ambiente e intencionado a dedicarse a la música, Jimi Hendrix decide poner punto final a su periodo bajo las armas, visitando varias veces al psicólogo del ejército declarando ser
homosexual. Tomando en cuenta algunas entrevistas dejadas por Hendrix a propósito, en cambio, parece que con el fin de obtener la baja adujo problemas en la espalda producto de un salto en paracaídas.
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James Marshall "
Jimi"
Hendrix (born
Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter. He is widely considered to be the greatest guitarist in musical history, and one of the most influential musicians of his era across a range of genres.
After initial success in Europe with his group The Jimi Hendrix Experience, he achieved fame in the United States following his 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. Later, Hendrix headlined the iconic 1969 Woodstock Festival and the 1970 Isle of Wight Festival. He often favored raw overdriven amplifiers with high gain and treble and helped develop the previously undesirable technique of guitar amplifier feedback.
Hendrix, as well as his friend Eric Clapton, popularized use of the wah-wah pedal in mainstream rock which he often used to deliver an exaggerated sense of pitch in his solos, particularly with high bends, complex guitar playing, and use of legato. As a record producer, Hendrix also broke new ground in using the recording studio as an extension of his musical ideas. He was one of the first to experiment with stereophonic phasing effects for rock recording.
Hendrix was influenced by blues artists such as B.B. King, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Albert King and Elmore James, rhythm and blues and soul guitarists Curtis Mayfield and Steve Cropper, and the jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery. Hendrix (who was then known as 'Maurice James') began dressing and wearing a moustache like Little Richard when he performed and recorded in his band from March 1, 1964 through to the spring of 1965. In 1966, Hendrix stated, "I want to do with my guitar what Little Richard does with his voice".
Hendrix won many of the most prestigious rock music awards in his lifetime, and has been posthumously awarded many more, including being inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. An English Heritage blue plaque was erected in his name on his former residence at Brook Street, London, in September 1997. A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (at 6627 Hollywood Blvd.) was dedicated in 1994. In 2006, his debut US album, Are You Experienced, was inducted into the United States National Recording Registry, and Rolling Stone named Hendrix the top guitarist on its list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all-time in 2003.
Hendrix's ancestry was mostly African American, although he was part Cherokee, his paternal great-great grandmother being a full-blooded Cherokee from Georgia. His parents met at a dance in Seattle in 1941 when Lucille Jeter was 16. When she married Al Hendrix the next year, on March 13, 1942, she was pregnant. Since Al had been drafted into the United States Army due to World War II, he was shipped out three days later. Al Hendrix completed his basic training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, but was stationed in Alabama when his son was born. Because the commanding officer believed that he would go AWOL to Seattle in order to visit his new son, he was locked up in the stockade as a preventative measure, where he remained to receive the telegram informing him of his son's birth. The baby that would grow up to become the guitarist Jimi Hendrix was born to a father who had six fingers on each hand. Al Hendrix spent the war in the South Pacific Theater mostly in Fiji. During the three years that he was away, Lucille struggled with raising her infant son who was neglected in favor of the nightlife scene. Thus Hendrix was mostly cared for by family members and others during this period.
His father received an honorable discharge from the U.S. Army on September 1, 1945, and retrieved his son from a woman who was caring for him in Berkeley. Al legally changed his son’s name to James Marshall Hendrix in memory of his late brother, Leon Marshall Hendrix. He was known as "Buster" to friends and family, from birth. After his return, Al reunited with Lucille. He found it difficult to gain steady employment after the Second World War, and the family was impoverished. Like Lucille, Al also struggled with alcohol and the couple had frequent fights. At one point a pimp named John Page who had a history with Lucille even tried to commandeer her out of a movie theater while she was with Al. Al objected and a fight ensued, spilling out into the street. Al had been an amateur boxer and stunned the pimp with a first punch, eventually winning the brawl and they never saw the pimp again.
During the early years of Hendrix’s life, the turmoil caused by his parent's fighting would sometimes cause him to withdraw and hide in a closet in their home. They moved often, staying in cheap hotels and apartments around Seattle. Throughout his childhood Hendrix would periodically be dropped off to be cared for by relatives. This all left an imprint on him as a small child which would remain with him the rest of his life. In addition to the instability of his home life, Hendrix in later years confided to two different girlfriends that as a youth he had been sexually assaulted by a man, although he never elaborated. In one instance while he was living in Harlem, Hendrix broke down crying as his girlfriend related the sexual abuse she had suffered as a child, telling her that the same thing had happened to him.
Hendrix had two brothers, Leon and Joseph, and two sisters, Kathy and Pamela. Joseph was born with physical difficulties and was placed in foster care at age three. His two sisters were also both placed in foster care at a young age. Kathy was born blind and Pamela suffered lesser physical difficulties.
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disco de oro y en el primer mes se vendieron más de un millón de copias. En el 2003, Cheap Thrills se colocó en el lugar 338 de los 500 mejores álbumes de todos los tiempos.
